Messari: DePIN Guided Tour, A Look at the Decentralized Physically Backed AI DePAI Graph
Original Author: Dylan Bane, Messari Analyst
Original Translation: Yuliya, PANews
In today's rapidly developing artificial intelligence landscape, Decentralized Physical Artificial Intelligence (DePAI) is providing a novel solution for the control of robots and physical AI infrastructure. From real-world data collection to intelligent robot operations deployed on Decentralized Physical Infrastructure (DePIN), the advancement of DePAI is steadily progressing. As predicted by NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang: "The ChatGPT moment in universal robotics is upon us."
Reflecting on the journey of technological advancement, the digital age started with hardware and then expanded into the intangible realm of software. The AI era, on the other hand, began with software and is now advancing into the physical world, the ultimate frontier.

In a world where autonomous physical AI agents will soon operate robots, smart vehicles, drones, and robotics are gradually replacing traditional labor, the issue of ownership of these intelligent devices has become a significant societal concern. At a time when centralized players have not yet fully dominated the market, DePAI offers a rare opportunity to establish a Web3-based physical AI ecosystem.

Data Collection
Currently, the infrastructure of DePAI is rapidly maturing, with data collection being the most active area. This aspect not only provides real-world data required for training physical AI agents on robots but also streams data in real-time for environment navigation and task execution.

However, acquiring high-quality real-world data remains a significant bottleneck for the development of physical AI. While NVIDIA's Omniverse and Cosmos offer innovative solutions through simulated environments, synthetic data is only a part of the entire ecosystem, with remote operation and real-world video data being equally indispensable.

Remote Operation
In the field of remote operation, Frodobots are deploying cost-effective delivery robots globally through DePIN. These robots not only capture human decision-making behavior in real-world environments during operation, creating high-value datasets, but also effectively address the issue of limited capital investment.

Through a token-driven virtuous cycle mechanism, DePIN is accelerating the deployment process of data collection devices and robots. For robotic enterprises looking to improve sales performance while reducing capital expenditure and operating costs, DePIN offers significant advantages over traditional models.

Video Data Applications
In the realm of video data applications, DePAI can leverage real-world video data to train physical AI systems, building spatial awareness of the real world. In this regard, Hivemapper and NATIX Network, with their unique video databases, are poised to become key data sources.

As Pantera Capital's Principal Investor, Mason Nystrom, pointed out, "While individual data may not achieve commercial value, aggregated data holds great promise." IoTeX's developed Quicksilver platform can aggregate data across DePIN while ensuring data validation and privacy protection.

Spatial Intelligence and Computing
In the field of spatial intelligence and computing protocols, the industry is striving to achieve decentralized management of spatial coordination and real-world 3D virtual twinning through DePIN and DePAI. For instance, Auki Network's Posemesh technology enables real-time spatial awareness while ensuring privacy and decentralization.

The application of physical AI agents has shown initial success, with SAM utilizing Frodobots' global robot network for geolocation inference. In the future, with frameworks like Quicksilver, AI agents will be able to better access real-time data provided by DePIN.

For investors looking to enter the physical AI field, investing in DAOs may be an ideal entry point. Taking XMAQUINA as an example, it offers members a diversified physical AI asset portfolio covering machine physical assets, DePIN protocols, robotic enterprises, intellectual property, and is equipped with a professional in-house R&D team for support.
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In the first half of 2025, DDC initiated a long-term Bitcoin accumulation strategy, holding Bitcoin as its primary reserve asset.
As of December 31, 2025: The company holds 1,183 BTC.
As of February 28, 2026: Holdings increased to 2,118 BTC
Today's additional purchase of 65 BTC brings the company's total holdings to 2,183 BTC
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DDC Enterprise Limited (NYSE: DDC) is actively implementing its corporate Bitcoin Treasury strategy while continuing to strengthen its position as a leading global Asian food platform.
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Gross Profit Margin: Expected to be between 28% and 30%, reflecting continued operational efficiency improvements.
Adjusted EBITDA: The company expects to achieve a positive full-year result in 2025, a significant improvement from a $3.5 million loss in 2024, mainly due to rigorous cost controls and a higher-margin sales mix.
In 2025, DDC's core consumer food business maintained strong operational performance.
The company also disclosed Core Consumer Food Business Adjusted EBITDA, a metric that further excludes costs related to its Bitcoin reserve strategy and non-cash fair value adjustments related to its Bitcoin holdings from adjusted EBITDA to more accurately reflect the core business performance.
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In the first half of 2025, DDC initiated a long-term Bitcoin accumulation strategy, holding Bitcoin as its primary reserve asset.
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Today's additional purchase of 65 BTC brings the company's total holdings to 2,183 BTC
DDC Founder, Chairman, and CEO Norma Chu stated, "We are proud to have closed 2025 with record revenue and positive adjusted EBITDA, demonstrating the steady growth of the company's consumer food business and the ongoing improvement in profitability. We are building a disciplined, growth-oriented food platform and strategically allocating capital to Bitcoin assets with a long-term view, aligning with our core beliefs. We believe that this dual-track model of 'Steady Consumer Business + Strategic Bitcoin Reserve' will help DDC create lasting long-term value for shareholders."
For the full year 2025, the company defines "Adjusted EBITDA" (a non-GAAP financial measure) as: Net income / (loss) excluding the following items:· Interest expense· Taxes· Foreign exchange gains/losses· Long-lived asset impairment· Depreciation and amortization· Non-cash fair value changes related to financial instruments (including Bitcoin holdings)· Stock-based compensation
DDC Enterprise Limited (NYSE: DDC) is actively implementing its corporate Bitcoin Treasury strategy while continuing to strengthen its position as a leading global Asian food platform.
The company has established Bitcoin as a core reserve asset and is executing a prudent, long-oriented accumulation strategy. While expanding its portfolio of food brands, DDC is gradually becoming one of the public company pioneers in integrating Bitcoin into its corporate financial architecture.